2014-08-30
◎周虹汶
Monkey see, monkey do. But when a monkey takes a selfie, who owns the copyright?
猴子看了，有樣學樣。但當一隻猴子拍了一張自拍照，誰擁有著作權？
Photographer David Slater complained that Wikipedia rejected his requests for the images to be removed from the website. He said he owns the copyright to the images of crested black macaque monkeys, which were taken in the Indonesian jungle in 2011.
攝影師大衛．史拉特控訴「維基百科」拒絕他所提出將影像自網站移除之請求。他說他擁有2011年攝於印尼叢林的黑冠猴影像之著作權。
Slater told the BBC that although the monkeys pressed the button, he had set the self-portraits up by framing them and setting the camera on a tripod.
史拉特告訴《英國廣播公司》，雖是猴子們按下按鈕，但他先把他們放入構圖和把相機放置於腳架上，設定了自攝功能。
But Wikimedia Foundation argued that Slater didn’t own the copyright to the photos because he didn’t take the images.
但「維基媒體基金會」主張，史拉特不具有這些照片的著作權，因為他並未拍攝這些影像。
It said no one owned the copyright to the images, because under U.S. law, "copyright cannot vest in non-human authors" — the monkeys in this case.
它說沒有人擁有這些影像著作權，因為根據美國法律，「著作權不能歸屬於非人類作者」——在此案例中為猴子們。
"When a work’s copyright cannot vest in a human, it falls into the public domain. We believe that to be the case here," the group said in a statement.
「維基媒體基金會」在聲明中說，「當一件作品的所有權不歸於一個人類，它就落入公共領域。我們相信本案例即是如此。」
新聞辭典
selfie：名詞，指「自拍」或「自拍照」，尤指自拍後上傳至社交網站的照片；為社交媒體新興用語，曾當選牛津字典2013年度風雲字。例句：She is a selfie-lover and has taken many selfies of herself.（她是個自拍愛好者，而且拍過很多她自己的自拍照。）
"Monkey see, monkey do."：俚語，字面上指「猴子看到某行為會模仿照做」，意為「有樣學樣」或「盲目追隨」。例句：David takes after his father. Monkey see, monkey do!（大衛很像他的爸爸。有樣學樣啊！）
vest：名詞，指馬甲、防護背心，或汗衫、內衣；動詞，指使穿衣服、授予權力財產等，或穿衣服、權力財產等歸屬於。例句：The Constitution vests the President with Executive Power.（美國憲法賦予總統行政權。）
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